Faculties https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/1 2026-07-28T17:32:25Z 2026-07-28T17:32:25Z Ženíšková, Kateřina Stopka, Pavel Martín-Pérez, Tania Chevreux, Guillaume Grechnikova, Mariia Drncová, Eliška Malych, Ronald Mach, Jan Walochnik, Julia Camadro, Jean Michel Šuťák, Róbert https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3886 2026-07-28T10:42:13Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Molecular Mechanisms of Acanthamoeba castellanii Response to Different Sources of Oxidative Stress Ženíšková, Kateřina; Stopka, Pavel; Martín-Pérez, Tania; Chevreux, Guillaume; Grechnikova, Mariia; Drncová, Eliška; Malych, Ronald; Mach, Jan; Walochnik, Julia; Camadro, Jean Michel; Šuťák, Róbert Oxidative stress is a biological principle affecting all life on Earth and is also an important factor in the pathogen-host relationship. The pathogenic free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii has several pathways to cope with reactive oxygen species and the damage that they cause. In this study, we aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the amoeba's response to different sources of oxidative stress. Using whole-cell proteomic analysis, we obtained a complex picture of the changes in the proteome and identified potential key players in the defense against oxidative stress. Importantly, from the differential proteomics analysis, we identified a candidate efflux pump that may be involved in Acanthamoeba drug resistance.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Hemminki, Kari Jussi Zitrický, František Försti, Asta Hemminki, Akseli https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3885 2026-07-28T01:00:38Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Recent survival trends in the most fatal cancers in the Nordic countries: gains in some but not in all Hemminki, Kari Jussi; Zitrický, František; Försti, Asta; Hemminki, Akseli Background Global survival studies distinguish a group of solid cancers with especially poor survival, which in the Nordic countries are cancers of the hypopharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, lung and pleura, each with a 5-year overall survival ranging between 15 to 30%. These cancers need extra attention. Methods We analyze here 1- and 5- year relative survival in the above cancers in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden comparing periods 2013-18 and 2019-23 using the NORDCAN database. Results Survival improvement was significant for lung cancer in each country, more for women than for men. For females, 1- and 5-year lung cancer survival improvements were about 5 and 6 % units between the two periods, compared to all cancer of 1.5 and 2 % units, respectively. Regarding other individual sites, Norway and Sweden demonstrated significant survival improvements in stomach cancer, and Norway also in pancreatic cancer. However, non-significant survival improvements were observed for most cancers. No positive evidence was found for esophageal cancer in Finland and gallbladder cancer in Norway. More significant improvements were found for 1- than for 5-year survival. Conclusions Survival in lung cancer increased in all countries well over improvements for all cancers. Survival increased also significantly for stomach and pancreatic cancers in some countries, and improvements were seen for other cancers. Although the results show success in fight against the most fatal cancers, continuous efforts are needed in early detection, facile clinical handling and novel therapeutics. However, for these fatal cancers primary prevention would be highly rewarding.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Novakova, Kristyna Sukkar, Iva Palkovičová, Jana Fiserova, Katerina Vagnerova, Iva Pudova, Vendula Kolar, Milan https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3884 2026-07-28T01:00:33Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

High-risk lineages shape the resistome and virulome of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Novakova, Kristyna; Sukkar, Iva; Palkovičová, Jana; Fiserova, Katerina; Vagnerova, Iva; Pudova, Vendula; Kolar, Milan Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains remain a major threat in clinical settings, yet no contemporary genomic data are available from the Olomouc region, Czech Republic. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 157 MDR isolates obtained from 133 patients hospitalized at two tertiary-care hospitals in Olomouc between April 2020 and April 2024. The aim of this study was to delineate the clonal structure, resistance and virulence repertoires shaping the local epidemiology. Of the 157 isolates, 81 (51.6%) met XDR criteria, most commonly exhibiting susceptibility to colistin (37/81, 45.7%). Four dominant high-risk sequence types (STs) were identified: ST175 (n = 53), ST357 (n = 49), ST233 (n = 25), and ST235 (n = 11). ST357 comprised two phylogenetically and functionally distinct sublineages: a major cluster (43/49) carrying bla (IMP-7) and bla (OXA-2), and a smaller bla (VIM-2)-positive cluster (5/49) lacking bla (OXA-2), oprD, soxR, and the pvc operon, correlating with an XDR phenotype and reduced biofilm-associated virulence potential. All ST357 isolates carried the cytotoxic exoU gene. Both bla (IMP-7) and bla (VIM-2) were chromosomally encoded. ST175 isolates lacked acquired carbapenemase genes, except for a single bla (VIM-2)-positive isolate. This lineage carried the highest number of virulence genes, dominated by adherence- and biofilm-associated determinants together with the characteristic exoS (+)/exoT (+)/exoY (+) type III secretion system profile. All ST233 isolates carried bla (VIM-2) and exhibited an XDR phenotype, consistent with globally disseminated VIM-2 lineages. ST235 displayed the greatest diversity of carbapenemase genes, including bla (GES-14) (5/11), bla (GES-29) (1/11), and bla (VIM-1) (1/11). This represented the first identification of a bla (VIM-1)-positive ST235 isolate in Olomouc University Hospital, and, to our knowledge, the first documented occurrence of a VIM-1-producing ST235 strain in the Czech Republic. All ST235 isolates were exoU-positive. This study provides a recent whole-genome analysis of MDR/XDR P. aeruginosa in the Czech Republic, integrating resistome, virulome and molecular epidemiology. Our findings demonstrate that the local population is shaped by multiple high-risk lineages with distinct resistance-virulence profiles, underscoring their clinical relevance and the necessity of genomic surveillance to guide therapy and prevent hospital transmission.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Slabá, Jitka Jírová, Jitka Šťastná, Anna Kocourková, Jiřina https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3883 2026-07-25T01:00:28Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Exploring the full spectrum of reproductive experiences Slabá, Jitka; Jírová, Jitka; Šťastná, Anna; Kocourková, Jiřina Objective: The study examines changes across cohorts in terms of the timing and frequency of the full spectrum of reproductive events and explores whether these reproductive trajectories reflect broader trends towards the destandardisation of family formation. Furthermore, the study assesses the quality and limitations of Czech health registry data by comparing them with official vital statistics. Background: Analysing fertility alone is insufficient with respect to understanding individual reproductive trajectories since reproductive experiences are interconnected across the lifespan and may be influenced by other reproductive events that affect both the tempo and the quantum - especially within the context of fertility postponement.Method: This study employs individual data obtained from the Czech National Health Information System (NHIS) that enable the holistic analysis of reproductive trajectories including live births, induced abortions, in vitro fertilisation, miscarriages and stillbirths across selected cohorts of women (1976-1991).Results: The younger cohorts experienced delayed and less frequent reproductive events. However, the lower incidence of adverse events partly reflected fewer conceptions due to the postponement of reproduction to older ages. The most common combination of event types involved live births with induced abortions or miscarriages. Reproductive trajectories were found to diversify with age but exhibited limited variation across the cohorts, and an early live birth remained linked to higher completed fertility. The NHIS data were largely in line with the vital statistics, with the moderate underestimation of live births and the under-reporting of early miscarriages and induced abortions.Conclusion: The findings highlight the potential and limitations of health registry data in terms of capturing the full spectrum of reproductive events. Forming a deeper understanding of women's reproductive trajectories and experiences, enabled via the use of linked health register data, is essential in terms of developing policies on reproductive health and rights in the context of declining fertility levels and the postponement of childbearing to later ages.

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