https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/904 2026-10-29T19:43:32Z 2026-10-29T19:43:32Z Bradová, Martina Agaimy, Abbas Ferlito, Alfio https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/4012 2026-10-29T12:41:52Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Historical Evolution of Terminology and Current Classification of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Larynx and Mixed Neuroendocrine-Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (MiNENs): A Narrative Review Bradová, Martina; Agaimy, Abbas; Ferlito, Alfio This is a narrative review that describes the evolution of terminology and classification schemes of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs), and paragangliomas of the larynx, with the contribution of immunohistochemistry and treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx comprise both epithelial (NET and NEC) and neural crest-derived (paraganglioma) neoplasms. Their terminology has evolved substantially over time, with current classifications emphasizing biologically and clinically meaningful categories aligned with contemporary WHO frameworks of other organs. These neoplasms may show overlapping clinical presentation and histomorphological features, which can complicate accurate subclassification. However, precise classification is essential, as these entities display markedly different biological behavior, ranging from indolent to highly aggressive with poor prognosis, and their treatment is essentially histology-tailored. Neuroendocrine neoplasms are classified into three categories comprising six tumor subtypes: well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs; grades 1, 2, and 3), poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs; small-cell and large-cell types), and paragangliomas. An additional, not yet WHO-recognized category is MiNENs (mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms), defined by the coexistence of neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine components. These tumors exhibit distinct biological behavior and clinical significance.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Dejmek, Jiří Jedlička, Jan https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/4008 2026-10-29T12:11:48Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Hidden cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction in 3D-printing polymers: evidence from FLEX, PETG and PC Dejmek, Jiří; Jedlička, Jan Despite the widespread use of 3D printing, the toxicological profile of commercially available filaments remains largely uncharacterized across both consumer and scientific communities. The persistent lack of comprehensive toxicological data regarding proprietary industrial additives in standard safety sheets raises significant concerns. To address this critical knowledge gap, this in vitro study systematically evaluated the biological impact of short-term (24 h) and long-term (7 days) exposure to 16 commercially available filaments-representing 8 polymer types (PLA, PETG, CPE, PC, ABS, ASA, PP, and FLEX)-on primary human dermal fibroblasts, to simulate prolonged skin contact typical for wearable and biomedical applications. By integrating standard ISO 10993-5 viability assays with high-resolution respirometry (HRR), we identified critical instances of "hidden cytotoxicity." Our findings reveal severe, material-specific metabolic disruptions in specific commercial formulations of widely used polymers, such as the tested FLEX, PETG, PC, and PP filaments. The most substantial metabolic dysfunction was recorded in the evaluated FLEX (TPU) filament, which exhibited acute toxicity characterized by immediate and progressive biological deterioration from the onset of exposure, ultimately culminating in a critical bioenergetic impairment by day 7. In contrast, a distinct toxicological paradox emerged in the evaluated PETG, PC, and PP samples. These materials triggered stress-induced compensatory hyperproliferation, characterized by an increased cell population that masked a severe, progressive decline in single-cell metabolic activity (SCMA) and single-cell fluorescence (SCF). Conversely, the tested commercial ABS, CPE, PLA, and ASA filaments demonstrated robust cytocompatibility, maintaining stable metabolic and mitochondrial functions throughout the entire long-term (7 days) exposure period. PLA exhibited a more nuanced profile: while generally supporting high overall cell viability, it induced noticeable sub-lethal metabolic stress, which we hypothesize reflects a combined effect of proprietary additives and bioenergetic alterations linked to lactate release during polymer hydrolysis. Furthermore, a certified "medical-grade" ABS variant paradoxically induced significant metabolic dysfunction, underperforming compared to standard industrial ABS. These results demonstrate that the biological safety of a 3D-printed construct cannot be extrapolated merely from its polymer base, as cytotoxicity is hypothesized to be primarily driven by proprietary additives (e.g., plasticizers, stabilizers, and pigments) and thermal degradation by-products likely generated during the 3D printing process. We conclude that the standard ISO 10993-5 viability threshold (>=70%) is insufficiently sensitive to capture latent, sub-lethal metabolic stress, underscoring the need for the adoption of more rigorous, multi-parametric screening protocols.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Skorkovský, Tomáš Beniš, Milan Podlipný, Jiří Hošek, Petr Miovský, Michal Vevera, Jan https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/4007 2026-10-24T01:01:06Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Resultados al año del tratamiento hospitalario del trastorno por consumo de alcohol: Un programa de siete semanas en la República Checa Skorkovský, Tomáš; Beniš, Milan; Podlipný, Jiří; Hošek, Petr; Miovský, Michal; Vevera, Jan Los resultados a largo plazo del tratamiento hospitalario del trastorno por consumo de alcohol (TCA) siguen siendo insuficientemente estudiados en Europa Central y Oriental. Este estudio examinó los resultados a los 12 meses posteriores al tratamiento tras un programa psicoterapéutico hospitalario de siete semanas en el Hospital Universitario de Plzeň y analizó los factores asociados con la abstinencia y la recaída. Se evaluó una cohorte prospectiva de un solo grupo compuesta por 62 pacientes (41,9 % mujeres) diagnosticados con dependencia del alcohol o consumo perjudicial (CIE-10) mediante instrumentos estandarizados (WHOQOL-BREF, EuropASI), con seguimiento a los 6 y 12 meses y verificación colateral. Se observó abstinencia continua durante un año en 23 pacientes (37,1 %), mientras que otros 5 (8,1 %) informaron un único episodio puntual de consumo; la abstinencia puntual al cabo de un año fue del 56,5 %. Las recaídas ocurrieron predominantemente durante los primeros seis meses. El inicio de la atención de seguimiento en un programa hospitalario especializado dentro del primer mes tras el alta se asoció con resultados más favorables, mientras que una mayor gravedad inicial del consumo de alcohol se relacionó con una recaída más temprana. La calidad de vida, medida mediante el WHOQOL-BREF, mejoró con el tiempo, y una mayor calidad de vida en el seguimiento a los 6 meses se asoció con resultados de abstinencia más favorables. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el período temprano posterior al tratamiento representa una fase particularmente vulnerable de la recuperación y que la participación en cuidados de seguimiento, la gravedad de la dependencia y la calidad de vida pueden ser correlatos relevantes de los resultados del tratamiento.; Long-term outcomes of inpatient treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) remain insufficiently studied in Central and Eastern Europe. This study examined 12-month post-treatment outcomes following a seven-week inpatient psychotherapeutic programme at Pilsen University Hospital and analysed factors associated with abstinence and relapse. A single-group prospective cohort of 62 patients (41.9% women) diagnosed with alcohol dependence or harmful use (ICD-10) was assessed using standardised instruments (WHOQOL-BREF and EuropASI) and followed up at the 6-month and 12-month follow-ups, with collateral informant verification. Continuous one-year abstinence was observed in 23 patients (37.1%), with an additional 5 (8.1%) reporting a single lapse; point abstinence at one year was 56.5%. Relapse occurred predominantly during the first 6 months after discharge. Initiation of facility-based aftercare within one month after discharge was associated with more favourable outcomes, while higher baseline alcohol severity was associated with earlier relapse. Quality of life, as measured by the WHOQOL-BREF, improved over time, and higher quality of life at the 6-month follow-up was associated with more favourable abstinence outcomes. These findings suggest that the early posttreatment period represents a particularly vulnerable phase of recovery and that aftercare participation, dependence severity, and quality of life may be relevant correlates of treatment outcomes.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Sourenian, Tsolaire Finianos, Marc Ftouni, Mohammed Najem, Zeinab Bonaiti, Clara Medlej, Abdallah Hrabák, Jaroslav Papagiannitsis, Costas C Bitar, Ibrahim https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/4006 2026-10-20T01:00:34Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Outbreak investigation of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii of ST2 in the intensive care unit of a Lebanese hospital Sourenian, Tsolaire; Finianos, Marc; Ftouni, Mohammed; Najem, Zeinab; Bonaiti, Clara; Medlej, Abdallah; Hrabák, Jaroslav; Papagiannitsis, Costas C; Bitar, Ibrahim BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to investigate an XDR Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in Lebanon. METHODS: A total of 39 swabs were sampled from the ICU room (n=34; environmental surfaces and n=5; clinical A. baumannii swabs from admitted patients). The strains were selected using Mueller Hinton (MH) agars supplemented with 4 µg/mL of meropenem. Species identification and antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined using MALDI-TOF MS and broth microdilution assays, respectively. Long-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on the positive swabs (n=13). Clonal relatedness was assessed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and genomes were compared through SNP-based phylogeny. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Thirteen isolates were XDR A. baumannii, of which 8 were from environmental swabs. WGS revealed the presence of chromosomally located bla (OXA-23) gene in all isolates. MLST analysis showed that all strains belong to ST2 international clone. Core-genome SNP analysis using LBN-30 as a reference, resolved the 13 genomes into two outbreak clades and one unrelated genome: Clade A (n=5, 0-1 SNPs from the reference), clade B (n=7, 2248-2387 SNPs from the reference), and LBN-38,the singleton, (2145 SNPs from the reference). CONCLUSION: We report a continuous and persistent nosocomial outbreak of XDR A. baumannii in the ICU of a Lebanese hospital, despite the implementation of conventional infection control practices. This prolonged circulation of this strain indicates the necessity for extensive systematic screening for both environmental and patient reservoirs, as well as the need for alternative disinfection strategies.

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