https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/904 2026-06-17T20:54:23Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3836 Context-Dependent Prognostic Role of Neutrophils and Mast Cells in Primary Colorectal Cancer and Liver Metastases Ye, Wenjing; Sobhe Abdelhamid Mahmoud, Esraa; Pavlov, Sergii; Červenková, Lenka; Ambrożkiewicz, Filip; Vyčítal, Ondřej; Hošek, Petr; Daum, Ondřej; Liška, Václav; Hemminki, Kari Jussi; Trailin, Andriy BACKGROUNDColorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Liver metastases (LM) are a major prognostic factor affecting survival and treatment outcomes. Distinguishing between synchronous and metachronous metastases is clinically important due to differences in tumor biology, immune contexture, and prognosis. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and mast cells (MCs) are innate immune effectors that influence CRC progression and metastasis. However, their distribution across primary tumors (pCRC), nontumor mucosa (NM), and liver metastases (LM), and prognostic relevance remain incompletely understood.AIMTo evaluate distribution and prognostic value of PMNs and MCs in NM, pCRC, and LM in synchronous and metachronous CRC.METHODSThis exploratory retrospective cohort study included patients undergoing resection of pCRC with NM and synchronous LM (stage IV, n = 55) or metachronous LM (stage I-III, n = 44). CD66b+ PMNs and CD117+ MCs were assessed using immunohistochemistry, whole-slide imaging, and QuPath-based quantification across NM, tumor center (TC), inner (IM) and outer margins (OM), and peritumor zone (PT) of pCRC and LM. Cell densities were compared by site, region, and timing of metastatic presentation, and associated with disease-free survival (DFS).RESULTSPMNs were enriched in pCRC compared to NM, whereas MCs predominated in NM. Greater densities of PMNs and MCs were found in LM and pCRC, respectively. High PMNs in OM (HR=2.40, 95%CI: 1.14-5.04, p=0.021) and PT (HR=2.58, 95%CI: 1.22-5.46, p=0.013) of synchronous LM and OM of pCRC in stage I-III (HR=2.59, 95%CI: 1.11-6.02, p=0.027) correlated with shorter DFS, whereas high PMNs in TC of metachronous LM predicted longer DFS (HR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.24-0.99, p=0.048). High MCs densities in TC of pCRC in stage I-III predicted shorter DFS (HR=2.34, 95%CI: 1.05-5.23, p=0.038).CONCLUSIONPMNs density increased from NM to LM, while MCs decreased. MCs showed protumor prognostic associations in pCRC; PMNs were protumor in stage I-III pCRC and synchronous LM, but antitumor in metachronous LM. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3827 Evolving Concepts in Salivary Duct Carcinoma: A Narrative Review Masalunga, Marvin C; Bradley, Patrick J; van Herpen, Carla; Nagao, Toshitaka; Stenman, Göran; Vander Poorten, Vincent; Hellquist, Henrik; Di Palma, Silvana; Bradová, Martina; Leivo, Ilmo; Ferlito, Alfio; Skálová, Alena Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive neoplasm that typically involves the major salivary glands. This rapidly growing tumor is known to recur and metastasize to the neck nodes and to distant sites. Given its poor prognosis, researchers have focused on identifying factors and driver genomic alterations that may account for its behavior, ultimately yielding potential therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the growing body of knowledge on SDC since the publication of the latest WHO Classification of Tumors of the Head and Neck. Updates on emerging subtypes, immunohistochemical profiles, molecular alterations, and potential therapeutic targets are succinctly presented. Findings from studies on tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which may have implications for the treatment and prognosis of SDC, are also discussed in this narrative review. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3826 Prognostic Role of Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase at Baseline and its Early Dynamics in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors Fiala, Ondřej; Tkadlecová, Michaela; Váchalová, Zuzana; Hora, Milan; Králíček, Jan; Stránský, Petr; Liška, Václav; Santoni, Matteo; Banna, Giuseppe Luigi; Pivovarčíková, Kristýna; Topolčan, Ondřej; Fínek, Jindřich BACKGROUND: Outcomes of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) vary widely and may not be fully reflected by PSA and standard clinicopathologic factors. We evaluated the prognostic value of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) at baseline and early on-treatment dynamics. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed ARSI-treated mCRPC patients with available baseline NSE (n = 120). NSE was dichotomized by the upper limit of normal (ULN, 12.5 ng/mL). Radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier methods and compared by log-rank test. Multivariable Cox models adjusted for age, baseline PSA (per 100 ng/mL), line of therapy (2-4 vs 1), Gleason score (> 7 vs <= 7), metastatic timing (synchronous vs metachronous), and visceral metastases (present vs absent). NSE dynamics were evaluated using a 28-day landmark approach among patients alive and at risk at day 28 with available baseline and week-4 NSE (rPFS landmark n = 47; OS landmark n = 48); follow-up was redefined from day 28 and dynamics were modeled as log2(NSE(4w)/NSE(0)) (per doubling). RESULTS: Median follow-up was 44.7 months (95% CI 35.7-48.3). Baseline NSE > ULN was associated with shorter rPFS (9.4 vs 20.8 months) and OS (23.5 vs 38.2 months). In multivariable analyses, baseline NSE > ULN remained independently associated with inferior outcomes (rPFS HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.15-2.85, p = 0.011; OS HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.12-3.05, p = 0.017). In landmark models, higher NSE dynamics were independently associated with worse outcomes (rPFS HR 4.30, 95% CI 1.06-17.39, p = 0.041; OS HR 8.78, 95% CI 2.15-35.77, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In ARSI-treated mCRPC, baseline NSE above ULN and early 4-week NSE dynamics provide independent prognostic information for rPFS and OS, supporting NSE as a pragmatic adjunct to clinical risk stratification. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3814 O čem také přemýšlejí naši medici. Sborník studentských prací (2026) Fiala, Luděk; Krejčová, Karolína; Krejčová, Kristýna; Batrakouli, Fani; Muliere, Pierluigi; Pulina, Francesca; Fraňková, Natálie; Pospíšil, Ondřej; Vavřina, Vojtěch; Jiráková, Natálie; Rybáková, Linda; Amin, Nisha Yara; Pfister, Nisha; Boudová, Nela; Fulnečková, Anna; Busse, Konrad; Čiháková, Tereza; Kulovaná, Tereza; Dagdeleni, Eirini; Kaza, Kristabel; Chan, Tiffany Chi Jing; Cordoba Rodriguez, Anna; Keřková, Sylvie; Parkánová, Michaela; Kešeláková, Markéta; Leupoldová, Miriam; Kocourková, Tereza; Neradová, Lucie; Spilková, Klára; Košek, Jindřich; Langová, Nela; Seichert, Metoděj; Krystlová, Yvona; Marková, Marie; Bryndačová, Leona; Kunftová, Karin; Štuksová, Carolina; Lust, Elina; Mecová, Martina; Němejcová, Viktorie; Morelli, Martina; Möbes, Lilli Sophie; Novák, Lukáš; Bláha, Jan; Novotná, Anna; Matějková, Anděla; Rezková, Vendula; Petrovičová, Andrea; Tausch, Jakub; Semiginovská, Klára Sofie; Pečenková, Michaela; Bauerová, Martina; Shafiei, Liyousa; Naderi Koupaei, Negin; Akhtari, Mohammadali; Nedela, Timo Joachim; Schneider, Simon; Školoudíková, Hana; Horský, Marek; Nekuda, Pavel; Plešmíd, Vojtěch; Šavlová, Eliška; Miller, Robert Joseph; Tenglerová, Nikola; Vobrubová, Julie; Vísnerová, Klára; Jankovcová, Klára-Marie; Broďániová, Barbora; Komínek, Adam; Hložková, Julie; Srkal, Jiří; Vršková, Lucie; Kaňková, Tereza; Miletín, Marek; Holub, Vojtěch; Šandová, Terezie; Šťavíčková, Nikola; Háčková, Anna; Hagenhoferová, Kateřina; Neuvirt, Maxim; Bubnenkov, Dmitrii; Drokin, Myron; Lee, Denis Výběr nejlepších esejí napsaných studenty Lékařské fakulty v Plzni Univerzity Karlovy pro předmět Lékařská psychologie a etika v akademickém roce 2025/2026.; A collection of the best essays written by students of the Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University as part of the course Medical Psychology and Ethics in the academic year 2025/2026. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z