https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/1 Faculties Sun, 14 Jun 2026 05:56:08 GMT 2026-06-14T05:56:08Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3828 Bayesian inference for Neyman–Scott point processes with anisotropic clusters Dvořák, Jiří; Ewers, Emily; Mrkvička, Tomáš; Redenbach, Claudia There are few inference methods available to accommodate covariate-dependent anisotropy in point process models, e.g., locally varying directions of elongated clusters. To address this, we propose an extended Bayesian MCMC approach for Neyman-Scott cluster processes. We focus on anisotropy and inhomogeneity in the offspring distribution. Our approach provides parameter estimates as well as significance tests for the covariates and anisotropy through credible intervals, which are determined by the posterior distributions. Additionally, it is possible to test the hypothesis of constant orientation of clusters or constant elongation of clusters. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach through a simulation study for a Thomas-type cluster process. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3828 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3827 Evolving Concepts in Salivary Duct Carcinoma: A Narrative Review Masalunga, Marvin C; Bradley, Patrick J; van Herpen, Carla; Nagao, Toshitaka; Stenman, Göran; Vander Poorten, Vincent; Hellquist, Henrik; Di Palma, Silvana; Bradová, Martina; Leivo, Ilmo; Ferlito, Alfio; Skálová, Alena Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive neoplasm that typically involves the major salivary glands. This rapidly growing tumor is known to recur and metastasize to the neck nodes and to distant sites. Given its poor prognosis, researchers have focused on identifying factors and driver genomic alterations that may account for its behavior, ultimately yielding potential therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the growing body of knowledge on SDC since the publication of the latest WHO Classification of Tumors of the Head and Neck. Updates on emerging subtypes, immunohistochemical profiles, molecular alterations, and potential therapeutic targets are succinctly presented. Findings from studies on tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which may have implications for the treatment and prognosis of SDC, are also discussed in this narrative review. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3827 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3826 Prognostic Role of Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase at Baseline and its Early Dynamics in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors Fiala, Ondřej; Tkadlecová, Michaela; Váchalová, Zuzana; Hora, Milan; Králíček, Jan; Stránský, Petr; Liška, Václav; Santoni, Matteo; Banna, Giuseppe Luigi; Pivovarčíková, Kristýna; Topolčan, Ondřej; Fínek, Jindřich BACKGROUND: Outcomes of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) vary widely and may not be fully reflected by PSA and standard clinicopathologic factors. We evaluated the prognostic value of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) at baseline and early on-treatment dynamics. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed ARSI-treated mCRPC patients with available baseline NSE (n = 120). NSE was dichotomized by the upper limit of normal (ULN, 12.5 ng/mL). Radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier methods and compared by log-rank test. Multivariable Cox models adjusted for age, baseline PSA (per 100 ng/mL), line of therapy (2-4 vs 1), Gleason score (> 7 vs <= 7), metastatic timing (synchronous vs metachronous), and visceral metastases (present vs absent). NSE dynamics were evaluated using a 28-day landmark approach among patients alive and at risk at day 28 with available baseline and week-4 NSE (rPFS landmark n = 47; OS landmark n = 48); follow-up was redefined from day 28 and dynamics were modeled as log2(NSE(4w)/NSE(0)) (per doubling). RESULTS: Median follow-up was 44.7 months (95% CI 35.7-48.3). Baseline NSE > ULN was associated with shorter rPFS (9.4 vs 20.8 months) and OS (23.5 vs 38.2 months). In multivariable analyses, baseline NSE > ULN remained independently associated with inferior outcomes (rPFS HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.15-2.85, p = 0.011; OS HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.12-3.05, p = 0.017). In landmark models, higher NSE dynamics were independently associated with worse outcomes (rPFS HR 4.30, 95% CI 1.06-17.39, p = 0.041; OS HR 8.78, 95% CI 2.15-35.77, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In ARSI-treated mCRPC, baseline NSE above ULN and early 4-week NSE dynamics provide independent prognostic information for rPFS and OS, supporting NSE as a pragmatic adjunct to clinical risk stratification. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3826 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3825 Metodika umělecko-historické topografie - identifikace, dokumentace a prezentace starého umění Mudra, Aleš; Ottová, Michaela Metodika v chronologicky následných krocích popisuje postup vedoucí k úplnému soupisu uměleckých předmětů na určitém území v určitém historickém časovém úseku.; The methodics describes the process leading to the complete evidence of art objects in a certain region from a certain historical time period. Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3825 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z