https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/902 Tue, 18 Aug 2026 21:49:14 GMT 2026-08-18T21:49:14Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3890 Implementation and First Results of the Czech Nationwide Prostate Cancer Screening Pilot Program Koudelková, Marcela; Hejcmanová, Katerina; Babjuk, Marek; Zachoval, Roman; Ferda, Jiří; Bratt, Ola; Chloupková, Renata; Ngo, Ondřej; Hejduk, Karel; Válek, Vlastimil; Dušek, Ladislav; Májek, Ondřej Background: In 2022, the European Union recommended piloting organized prostate cancer screening. Subsequently, the Czech Republic launched a nationwide pilot program fully reimbursed by public health insurance in January 2024 to reduce the high incidence of late-stage prostate cancer and the widespread unorganized prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. Objective: To describe the strategy, methodology, and first results of the Czech nationwide prostate cancer screening pilot program. Design, setting, and participants: We analyzed data from the first 12 mo of the program targeting men aged 50-69 yr without a previous diagnosis of prostate cancer. General practitioners and urologists offer men an initial PSA test. Those with PSA >= 3.0 lg/l are referred to certified urologists. Based on urology assessment, selected for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and, if indicated, targeted biopsy. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Reported key indicators are PSA testing coverage and overall use of prebiopsy MRI. Results and limitations: Screening was offered to 150 498 men; PSA results were available for 146 109 (97.1%) men, 8.8% of whom had PSA >= 3.0 lg/l. Within 6 mo, 67.2% of the men with PSA >= 3.0 lg/l underwent urological evaluation. From 2023 to 2024, the 2-yr PSA testing rate rose from 47.4% to 53.3%, and pre-biopsy MRI use increased from 28.0% to 38.3% (10.3 percentage-point difference, 95% confidence interval 8.3-12.2). Data on diagnostic outcomes are not yet analyzed. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3890 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3846 Průzkum postgraduálního specializačního vzdělávání v kardiologii 2023–2025 Roland, Robert Průzkum postgraduálního specializačního vzdělávání v kardiologii 2023-2025 vznikl z iniciativy pracovní skupiny KARDIO 35 České kardiologické společnosti. Cílem projektu bylo získat první souhrnná data o reálném průběhu specializačního vzdělávání v kardiologii v České republice a popsat, nakolik se deklarované požadavky vzdělávacího programu shodují s praxí na jednotlivých typech pracovišť. Šetření se zaměřilo na čtyři hlavní oblasti: (1) základní charakteristiky respondentů, (2) délku povinných stáží a počty výkonů, (3) vnímanou kompetentnost atestovaného lékaře a (4) širší systémové otázky, jako je role školitele, míra dohledu, formát atestační zkoušky či zkušenost s diskriminačním jednáním na pracovišti. Smyslem průzkumu není hodnotit jednotlivá pracoviště, ale identifikovat opakující se vzorce, silné stránky i slabá místa systému. Výsledky mají sloužit jako podklad pro odbornou diskusi a pro formulaci konkrétních návrhů na zlepšení organizace specializačního vzdělávání v kardiologii, úpravu délky stáží nebo počtu výkonů. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3846 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3743 One-year multicenter surveillance of Fosfomycin resistance Enterobacterales: the rise of FosA3-producing P. mirabilis Chudějová, Kateřina; Mattioni Marchetti, Vittoria; Zaccaria, Vita; Kanova, Stepanka; Šrámková, Anna; Krůtová, Marcela; Ryšková, Lenka; Kroneislová, Gabriela; Horvathova, Beata; Tejkalova, Renata; Krejci, Eva; Vagnerova, Iva; Zemanova, Zuzana; Bitar, Ibrahim The global rise of antimicrobial resistance has renewed interest in fosfomycin (FOS), an old antibiotic with activity against multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales . However, resistance to FOS is increasing, driven by impaired drug uptake, target modification, and by fosA -encoded enzymatic inactivation. This study assessed the prevalence and molecular basis of FOS resistance among Enterobacterales collected in Czech tertiary care hospitals in 2024. A total of 211 preliminary FOS-resistant isolates were obtained from nine hospitals across the Czech Republic, predominantly Proteus mirabilis (n=149) and Escherichia coli (n=57). All isolates showed elevated FOS MICs, and the PPF test identified FosA activity in 34/211 isolates. Carbon-source growth testing demonstrated widespread impairment of GlpT and UhpT transporters (93.8 % affecting both). PCR confirmed fosA genes in 14 isolates (9 P. mirabilis , 5 E. coli ). WGS revealed fosA3 as the dominant variant (85.7 %), followed by fosA4 (14.3 %). P. mirabilis isolates primarily belonged to ST185 and ST135, forming two Czech-specific fosA3 clusters with limited relatedness to international genomes. FosA-producing E. coli displayed broader diversity (ST69, ST58, ST550, ST1308). FosA4 was detected exclusively in E. coli . Most fosA -positive strains co-harbored ESBL genes, predominantly bla <inf>CTX-M-65</inf>. SNP-based phylogenies indicated local clonal circulation of fosA3 -positive P. mirabilis ST185, whereas E. coli isolates showed heterogeneous international linkages. Analysis of GlpT/UhpT/MurA identified numerous amino acid substitutions, though only a minority were predicted to affect protein function. This study documents the first broader emergence of plasmid-mediated FOS resistance in Czech Enterobacterales and underscores the importance of continuous genomic surveillance of fosA -mediated resistance. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3743 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3720 Does motherhood increase the risk of developing subsequent malignant neoplasms after childhood cancer treatment? Blagodárná, Sarah; Hošek, Petr; Jelínková, Kristýna; Korbelová, Lucie; Eckschlager, Tomáš; Lischke, Robert; Šrámková, Lucie; Kruseová, Jarmila BACKGROUND: Most young women who have survived childhood cancer express a desire to have children. Many of them are concerned about the potential adverse impact of pregnancy on their health, which has been affected by prior cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to determine whether motherhood increases the risk of developing subsequent malignant neoplasms. METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 942 female childhood cancer survivors, median age at first cancer diagnosis 10.84 years (IQR 4.29-14.92), who had been treated at the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Motol University Hospital, Prague, between 1965 and 2018. In this group, 363 women gave birth to 559 children. RESULTS: Seventy-three female childhood cancer survivors developed 80 subsequent malignant neoplasms. Of these, 40 subsequent malignant neoplasms occurred in women who had children. The median time from the end of primary cancer treatment to first subsequent malignant neoplasm development was 19.93 years (IQR 14.55-26.56). A comprehensive analysis revealed no difference in the risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms between mothers and "non-mothers". Only older age of the cancer survivors in follow-up and previous radiotherapy (p = 0.0133) were significant risk factors for subsequent malignant neoplasm development. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that motherhood does not increase the risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms. We confirmed a statistically significant increased risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms only for previous treatment modality, the length of follow-up and the age of the female childhood cancer survivors. These results are important for improving the quality of life of young cured women who are worried about a planned pregnancy. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: This study evaluated the long-term cancer risk among women treated for cancer during childhood, with particular focus on those who later gave birth. Among 942 participants, 363 had post-treatment pregnancies. Results indicate that childbearing does not increase the risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms in this population. Instead, elevated risk for subsequent malignant neoplasms was associated with older age at follow-up and prior exposure to radiotherapy. These findings provide evidence that pregnancy is safe for female childhood cancer survivors and support informed reproductive decision-making. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3720 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z