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Determination of “Neutral”–“Pain”, “Neutral”–“Pleasure”, and “Pleasure”–“Pain” Affective State Distances by Using AI Image Analysis of Facial Expressions

dc.contributor.authorProssinger, Hermann
dc.contributor.authorHladký, Tomáš
dc.contributor.authorBoschetti, Silvia
dc.contributor.authorŘíha, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorBinter, Jakub
dc.date.issued2022
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/1687
dc.description.abstract(1) Background: In addition to verbalizations, facial expressions advertise one's affective state. There is an ongoing debate concerning the communicative value of the facial expressions of pain and of pleasure, and to what extent humans can distinguish between these. We introduce a novel method of analysis by replacing human ratings with outputs from image analysis software. (2) Methods: We use image analysis software to extract feature vectors of the facial expressions neutral, pain, and pleasure displayed by 20 actresses. We dimension-reduced these feature vectors, used singular value decomposition to eliminate noise, and then used hierarchical agglomerative clustering to detect patterns. (3) Results: The vector norms for pain-pleasure were rarely less than the distances pain-neutral and pleasure-neutral. The pain-pleasure distances were Weibull-distributed and noise contributed 10% to the signal. The noise-free distances clustered in four clusters and two isolates. (4) Conclusions: AI methods of image recognition are superior to human abilities in distinguishing between facial expressions of pain and pleasure. Statistical methods and hierarchical clustering offer possible explanations as to why humans fail. The reliability of commercial software, which attempts to identify facial expressions of affective states, can be improved by using the results of our analyses.en
dc.language.isoen
dc.relation.urlhttps://doi.org/10.3390/technologies10040075
dc.rightsCreative Commons Uveďte původ 4.0 Internationalcs
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.titleDetermination of "Neutral"-"Pain", "Neutral"-"Pleasure", and "Pleasure"-"Pain" Affective State Distances by Using AI Image Analysis of Facial Expressionsen
dcterms.accessRightsopenAccess
dcterms.licensehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
dc.date.updated2023-11-07T08:12:57Z
dc.subject.keywordimage processingen
dc.subject.keywordartificial intelligenceen
dc.subject.keywordfacial expressionsen
dc.subject.keywordaffective state expressionen
dc.subject.keywordfacial pain expressionen
dc.subject.keywordfacial pleasure expressionen
dc.subject.keywordBDSM videosen
dc.subject.keywordhierarchical agglomerative clusteringen
dc.subject.keywordautoencoder neural networken
dc.relation.fundingReferenceinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/UK/COOP/COOP
dc.relation.fundingReferenceinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/GA0/GJ/GJ19-12885Y
dc.date.embargoStartDate2023-11-07
dc.type.obd73
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/technologies10040075
dc.identifier.utWos000845304900001
dc.identifier.eidScopus2-s2.0-85147557847
dc.identifier.obd621623
dc.identifier.rivRIV/00216208:11310/22:10453964
dc.identifier.rivRIV/00216208:11240/22:10453964
dc.subject.rivPrimary20000::20100
dc.subject.rivSecondary10000::10200::10201
dc.subject.rivSecondary50000::50100::50101
dcterms.isPartOf.nameTechnologies [online]
dcterms.isPartOf.issn2227-7080
dcterms.isPartOf.journalYear2022
dcterms.isPartOf.journalVolume10
dcterms.isPartOf.journalIssue4
uk.faculty.primaryId120
uk.faculty.primaryNameFakulta humanitních studiícs
uk.faculty.primaryNameFaculty of Humanitiesen
uk.faculty.secondaryId115
uk.faculty.secondaryNamePřírodovědecká fakultacs
uk.faculty.secondaryNameFaculty of Scienceen
uk.department.primaryId120
uk.department.primaryNameFakulta humanitních studiícs
uk.department.primaryNameFaculty of Humanitiesen
uk.department.secondaryId100034547323
uk.department.secondaryId1028
uk.department.secondaryId284
uk.department.secondaryNameKatedra teorie umění a tvorbycs
uk.department.secondaryNameKatedra teorie umění a tvorbyen
uk.department.secondaryNameKatedra filosofie a dějin přírodních vědcs
uk.department.secondaryNameDepartment of Philosophy and History of Scienceen
uk.department.secondaryNameOddělení pro vědu a výzkumcs
uk.department.secondaryNameOddělení pro vědu a výzkumen
dc.type.obdHierarchyCsČLÁNEK V ČASOPISU::článek v časopisu::původní článekcs
dc.type.obdHierarchyEnJOURNAL ARTICLE::journal article::original articleen
dc.type.obdHierarchyCode73::152::206en
uk.displayTitleDetermination of “Neutral”–“Pain”, “Neutral”–“Pleasure”, and “Pleasure”–“Pain” Affective State Distances by Using AI Image Analysis of Facial Expressionsen


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