Exploring the Links Between Coaches’ Education, Psychological Training and the Use of Mental Strategies in Swimming

Abstract

This study investigated the relationships between coaches' education, psychological training and the use of mental strategies among 54 Czech swimming coaches. Using a modified TOPS 2 questionnaire, no significant differences were found in the use of imagery, self-talk or negative thinking based on education level or coaching qualification. However, coaches with psychological training reported greater engagement with negative thinking strategies. The findings highlight the importance of integrating targeted psychological training into coach education to enhance coaching effectiveness and support athletes' mental resilience.