dc.contributor.author | Bunch, Ted E. | |
dc.contributor.author | LeCompte, M.A. | |
dc.contributor.author | Adedeji, A.V. | |
dc.contributor.author | Wittke, J.H. | |
dc.contributor.author | Burleigh, T.D. | |
dc.contributor.author | Hermes, R.E. | |
dc.contributor.author | Mooney, C. | |
dc.contributor.author | Batchelor, D. | |
dc.contributor.author | Wolbach, W.S. | |
dc.contributor.author | Kathan, J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Kletetschka, Günther | |
dc.contributor.author | Patterson, M.C.L. | |
dc.contributor.author | Swindel, E.C. | |
dc.contributor.author | Witwer, T. | |
dc.contributor.author | Howard, G.A. | |
dc.contributor.author | Mitra, S. | |
dc.contributor.author | Moore, C.R. | |
dc.contributor.author | Langworthy, K. | |
dc.contributor.author | Kennett, J.P. | |
dc.contributor.author | West, Allen | |
dc.contributor.author | Silvia, Phillip J. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-05-23T09:40:36Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-05-23T09:40:36Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/1898 | |
dc.description.abstract | We present evidence that in ~ 1650 BCE (~ 3600 years ago), a cosmic airburst destroyed Tall el-Hammam, a Middle-Bronze-Age city in the southern Jordan Valley northeast of the Dead Sea. The proposed airburst was larger than the 1908 explosion over Tunguska, Russia, where a ~ 50-m-wide bolide detonated with ~ 1000x more energy than the Hiroshima atomic bomb. A city-wide ~ 1.5-m-thick carbon-and-ash-rich destruction layer contains peak concentrations of shocked quartz (~ 5-10 GPa); melted pottery and mudbricks; diamond-like carbon; soot; Fe- and Si-rich spherules; CaCO3 spherules from melted plaster; and melted platinum, iridium, nickel, gold, silver, zircon, chromite, and quartz. Heating experiments indicate temperatures exceeded 2000 °C. Amid city-side devastation, the airburst demolished 12+ m of the 4-to-5-story palace complex and the massive 4-m-thick mudbrick rampart, while causing extreme disarticulation and skeletal fragmentation in nearby humans. An airburst-related influx of salt (~ 4 wt.%) produced hypersalinity, inhibited agriculture, and caused a ~ 300-600-year-long abandonment of ~ 120 regional settlements within a > 25-km radius. Tall el-Hammam may be the second oldest city/town destroyed by a cosmic airburst/impact, after Abu Hureyra, Syria, and possibly the earliest site with an oral tradition that was written down (Genesis). Tunguska-scale airbursts can devastate entire cities/regions and thus, pose a severe modern-day hazard. | en |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.relation.url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97778-3 | |
dc.rights | Creative Commons Uveďte původ 4.0 International | cs |
dc.rights | Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International | en |
dc.title | A Tunguska sized airburst destroyed Tall el-Hammam a Middle Bronze Age city in the Jordan Valley near the Dead Sea | en |
dcterms.accessRights | openAccess | |
dcterms.license | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode | |
dc.date.updated | 2023-11-07T08:13:34Z | |
dc.subject.keyword | platinum-group minerals | en |
dc.subject.keyword | refractory-metal nuggets | en |
dc.subject.keyword | planar deformation features | en |
dc.subject.keyword | biomass-burning episode | en |
dc.subject.keyword | shock metamorphism | en |
dc.subject.keyword | cosmic-impact | en |
dc.subject.keyword | placer deposits | en |
dc.subject.keyword | quartz | en |
dc.subject.keyword | origin | en |
dc.subject.keyword | diamonds | en |
dc.relation.fundingReference | info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/UK/PROGRES/Q45 | |
dc.relation.fundingReference | info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MSM/LT/LTAUSA19141 | |
dc.relation.fundingReference | info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/GA0/GA/GA20-08294S | |
dc.date.embargoStartDate | 2023-11-07 | |
dc.type.obd | 73 | |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1038/s41598-021-97778-3 | |
dc.identifier.utWos | 000700289800001 | |
dc.identifier.eidScopus | 2-s2.0-85115415147 | |
dc.identifier.obd | 602075 | |
dc.identifier.riv | RIV/00216208:11310/21:10434417 | |
dc.identifier.pubmed | 34545151 | |
dc.subject.rivPrimary | 10000::10500::10505 | |
dcterms.isPartOf.name | Scientific Reports | |
dcterms.isPartOf.issn | 2045-2322 | |
dcterms.isPartOf.journalYear | 2021 | |
dcterms.isPartOf.journalVolume | 11 | |
dcterms.isPartOf.journalIssue | 1 | |
uk.faculty.primaryId | 115 | |
uk.faculty.primaryName | Přírodovědecká fakulta | cs |
uk.faculty.primaryName | Faculty of Science | en |
uk.department.primaryId | 1065 | |
uk.department.primaryName | Ústav hydrogeologie, inženýrské geologie a užité geofyziky | cs |
uk.department.primaryName | Institute of Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Applied Geophysics | en |
dc.type.obdHierarchyCs | ČLÁNEK V ČASOPISU::článek v časopisu::původní článek | cs |
dc.type.obdHierarchyEn | JOURNAL ARTICLE::journal article::original article | en |
dc.type.obdHierarchyCode | 73::152::206 | en |
uk.displayTitle | A Tunguska sized airburst destroyed Tall el-Hammam a Middle Bronze Age city in the Jordan Valley near the Dead Sea | en |