Contrasting pathways to regional transformative policies: bottom-up approaches of a leading and latecomer region in Czechia

Abstract

This chapter compares the evolution of transformative innovation policies in two Czech regions: South Moravia, a leading region, and Ústecký, a latecomer. It highlights how South Moravia, which faced severe industrial decline after the collapse of state socialism, gradually built a vibrant innovation ecosystem through strong organisational and system-level agency, trust-based governance, and effective use of EU funds. In contrast, Ústecký continues to struggle with deep-rooted structural and environmental challenges, compounded by limited human capital and weaker institutional capacity. The chapter underscores the importance of accumulated talent, long-term stakeholder commitment, and the gradual cultivation of collaboration and trust in driving regional transformation. It also elaborates on the role of the Just Transition Fund in catalysing change in the Ústecký region. Finally, the chapter emphasises that, while transformative policies are difficult everywhere, disadvantaged regions face especially formidable barriers, requiring persistence, effective governance, and the right conditions - both planned and serendipitous - to succeed.